॥ अथ षष्ठोऽध्याय: ॥
अथ षष्ठोऽध्यायः
६.३
भावाश्चैव कथं प्रोक्ताः किं वा ते भावयन्त्यपि ।
संग्रहं कारिकां चैव निरुक्तं चैव तत्वतः ॥
Summary AI And how are the Bhāvas explained? What do they bring forth? (Explain) the summary (Saṅgraha), the memorial verse (Kārikā), and the etymological explanation (Nirukta) in their true nature.
६.५
अहं वः कथयिष्यामि निखिलेन तपोधनाः ।
संग्रहं कारिकां चैव निरुक्तं च यथाक्रमम् ॥
Summary AI O ascetics, I will tell you completely and in order the summary (Saṅgraha), the memorial verse (Kārikā), and the etymological explanation (Nirukta).
६.६
न शक्यमस्य नाट्यस्य गन्तुमन्तं कथञ्चन ।
कस्माद्बहुत्वाज्ज्ञानानां शिल्पानां वाप्यनन्ततः ॥
Summary AI It is not possible in any way to reach the end of this drama (Nāṭya). Why? Because of the multiplicity of knowledges and arts, and also because of their endlessness.
६.७
एकस्यापि न वै शक्यस्त्वन्तो ज्ञानार्णवस्य हि ।
गन्तुं किं पुनरन्येषां ज्ञानानामर्थतत्त्वतः ॥
Summary AI Indeed, it is not possible to reach the end of even one ocean of knowledge. What then to say of reaching the end of other knowledges in terms of the true nature of their meaning?
६.८
किन्त्वल्पसूत्रग्रन्थार्थमनुमानप्रसाधकम् ।
नाट्यस्यास्य प्रवक्ष्यामि रसभावादिसङ्ग्रहम् ॥
Summary AI But I will declare the compendium of Rasa, Bhāva, and so on, for this Nāṭya, which has the meaning of a text with few aphorisms and establishes its points through inference.
६.१२
नानानामाश्रयोत्पन्नं निघण्टुनिगमान्वितम् ।
धात्वर्थहेतुसंयुक्तं नानासिद्धान्तसाधितम् ॥
Summary AI (Nirukta is) that which arises from the basis of various nouns, is connected with glossaries (Nighaṇṭu) and Vedic texts (Nigama), is joined with the reasons for the meanings of verbal roots, and is established by various established principles.
६.१६
एते ह्यष्टौ रसाः प्रोक्ता द्रुहिनेन महात्मना ।
पुनश्च भावान्वक्ष्यामि स्थायिसञ्चारिसत्त्वजान् ॥
Summary AI These eight Rasas were indeed spoken of by the great-souled Brahmā. And now I will speak of the Bhāvas, which are categorized as permanent (Sthāyi), transitory (Sañcāri), and temperamental (Sāttvika).
६.१८
निर्वेदग्लानिशङ्काख्यास्तथासूया मदः श्रमः ।
आलस्यं चैव दैन्यं च चिन्तामोहः स्मृतिर्धृतिः ॥
Summary AI Despondency, Weariness, Apprehension, as well as Envy, Intoxication, Fatigue, Indolence, Depression, Anxiety, Distraction, Recollection, and Contentment (are transitory states).
६.१९
व्रीडा चपलता हर्ष आवेगो जडता तथा ।
गर्वो विषाद औत्सुक्यं निद्रापस्मार एव च ॥
Summary AI Shame, Inconstancy, Joy, Agitation, Stupor, as well as Arrogance, Despair, Impatience, Sleep, and Epilepsy (are also transitory states).
६.२०
सुप्तं विबोधोऽमर्षश्चाप्यवहित्थमथोग्रता ।
मतिर्व्याधिस्तथोन्मादस्तथा मरणमेव च ॥
Summary AI This verse continues the list of transitory states (vyabhichari bhavas): sleeping, awakening, indignation, dissimulation, cruelty, assurance, sickness, insanity, and also death.
६.२३
आङ्गिकौ वाचिकश्चैव ह्याहार्यः सात्विकस्तथा ।
चत्वारोऽभिनया ह्येते विज्ञेया नाट्यसंश्रयाः ॥
Summary AI Gestural (Angika), vocal (Vachika), costumic (Aharya), and emotional (Sattvika) are the four types of acting (Abhinaya). These are to be known as the foundations of drama (Natya).
६.२४
लोकधर्मी नाट्यधर्मी धर्मीति द्विविधः स्मृतः ।
भारती सात्वती चैव कैशिक्यारभटी तथा ॥
Summary AI The dramatic practice (Dharmi) is said to be of two kinds: realistic (Lokadharmi) and conventional (Natyadharmi). Similarly, Bharati, Sattvati, Kaisiki, and Arabhati are the styles (Vritti).
६.२७
शारीराश्चैव वैणाश्च सप्त षड्जादयः स्वराः ।
[निषादर्षभगान्धारमध्यपञ्चमधैवताः] ।
ततं चैवावनद्धं च घनं सुषिरमेव च ॥
Summary AI The seven notes, beginning with Shadja, are of two kinds: from the body (vocal) and from the Vina (instrumental). Stringed (Tata), covered (Avanaddha), solid (Ghana), and hollow (Sushira) are the types of instruments.
६.२८
चतुर्विधं च विज्ञेयमातोद्यं लक्षणान्वितम् ।
ततं तन्त्रीगतं ज्ञेयमवनद्धं तु पौष्करम् ॥
Summary AI Instrumental music (Atodya), with its characteristics, should be known as fourfold. The stringed (Tata) is known as that which is played on strings, while the covered (Avanaddha) is percussion.
६.२९
घनस्तु तालो विज्ञेयः सुषिरो वंश एव च ।
प्रवेशाक्षेपनिष्क्रामप्रासादिकमथान्तरम् ॥
Summary AI The solid (Ghana) instrument is to be known as cymbals (Tala), and the hollow (Sushira) is the flute (Vamsha). Furthermore, there is the introductory, diverting, concluding, calming, and intermediate song.
६.३१
एवमेषोऽल्पसूत्रार्थो निर्दिष्टो नाट्यसंग्रहः ।
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि सूत्रग्रन्थविकल्पनम् ॥
Summary AI Thus, this summary of drama (Natyasangraha), with its concise aphoristic meaning, has been stated. Hereafter, I shall explain the detailed elaboration of the aphoristic text.
तत्र रसानेव तावदादावभिव्याख्यास्यामः । न हि रसादृते कश्चिदर्थः प्रवर्तते । तत्र विभावानुभावव्यभिचारिसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः । को दृष्टान्तः । अत्राह यथा हि नानाव्यञ्जनौषधिद्रव्यसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः तथा नानाभावोपगमाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः । यथा हि गुडादिभिर्द्रव्यैर्व्यञ्जनैरौषधिभिश्च षाडवादयो रसा निर्वर्त्यन्ते तथा नानाभावोपगता अपि स्थायिनो भावा रसत्वमाप्नुवन्तीति । अत्राह रस इति कः पदार्थः । उच्यते आस्वाद्यत्वात् । कथमास्वाद्यते रसः । यथा हि नानाव्यञ्जनसंस्कृतमन्नं भुञ्जान रसानास्वादयन्ति सुमनसः पुरुष हर्षादींश्चाधिगच्छन्ति तथा नानाभावाभिनयव्यञ्जितान्वागङ्गसत्तोपेतान्स्थायिभावानास्वादयन्ति सुमनसः प्रेक्षकाः हर्षादींश्चाधिगच्छन्ति । तस्मान्नाट्यरसा इत्यभिव्याख्याताः ।
६.३३
भावाभिनयसंबद्धान्स्थायिभावांस्तथा बुधाः ।
आस्वादयन्ति मनसा तस्मान्नाट्यरसाः स्मृताः ॥
Summary AI Similarly, the wise savor with their minds the permanent states (Sthayibhavas) connected with various emotional states (Bhavas) and acting (Abhinaya). Therefore, these are known as the dramatic sentiments (Natyarasas).
अत्राह किं रसेभ्यो भावानामभिनिर्वृत्तिरुताहो भावेभ्यो रसानामिति । केषाञ्चिन्मतं परस्परसम्बन्धादेषामभिनिर्वृत्तिरिति । तन्न । कस्मात् । दृश्यते हि भावेभ्यो रसानामभिनिर्वृत्तिर्न तु रसेभ्यो भावानामभिनिर्वृत्तिरिति ।
६.३४
भवन्ति चात्र श्लोकाः नानाभिनयसम्बद्धान्भावयन्ति रसनिमान् । यस्मात्तस्मादमी भावा विज्ञेया नाट्ययोक्तृभिः ॥
Summary AI And here are some verses on this topic. Since they bring forth these sentiments (Rasas) connected with various forms of acting, these emotional states (Bhavas) should be understood by the producers of drama.
६.३५
नानाद्रव्यैबहुविधैर्व्यञ्जनं भाव्यते यथा ।
एवं भावा भावयन्ति रसानभिनयैः सह ॥
Summary AI Just as a side dish is brought to flavor by various and manifold ingredients, so too do the emotional states (Bhavas), along with acting (Abhinaya), bring forth the sentiments (Rasas).
६.३६
न भावहीनोऽस्ति रसो न भावो रसवर्जितः ।
परस्परकृता सिद्धिस्तयोरभिनये भवेत् ॥
Summary AI There is no sentiment (Rasa) devoid of emotional state (Bhava), nor any Bhava devoid of Rasa. Their accomplishment in acting comes from their mutual relationship.
६.३७
व्यञ्जनौषधिसंयोगो यथान्नं स्वादुतां नयेत् ।
एवं भावा रसाश्चैव भावयन्ति परस्परम् ॥
Summary AI Just as a combination of spices and herbs brings flavor to food, so too do the emotional states (Bhavas) and sentiments (Rasas) bring each other forth.
६.३८
यथा बीजाद्भवेद्वृक्षो वृक्षात्पुष्पं फलं यथा ।
तथा मूलं रसाः सर्वे तेभ्यो भावा व्यवस्थिताः ॥
Summary AI Just as a tree comes from a seed, and from the tree come flowers and fruit, so too are all the sentiments (Rasas) the root, and from them, the emotional states (Bhavas) are established.
तदेषं रसानामुत्पत्तिवर्णदैवतनिदर्शनान्यभिव्याख्यास्यामः । तेषामुत्पत्तिहेतवश्चत्वारो रसाः । तद्यथा शृङ्गारो रौद्रौ वीरो बीभत्स इति । अत्र
६.३९
शृङ्गाराद्धि भवेद्धास्यो रौद्राच्च करुणो रसः ।
वीराच्चैवाद्भुतोत्पत्तिर्बीभत्साच्च भयानकः ॥
Summary AI From the Erotic (Shringara) arises the Comic (Hasya), and from the Furious (Raudra) arises the Pathetic (Karuna) sentiment. From the Heroic (Vira) comes the Marvellous (Adbhuta), and from the Odious (Bibhatsa) comes the Terrible (Bhayanaka).
६.४०
शृङ्गारानुकृतिर्या तु स हास्यस्तु प्रकीर्तितः ।
रौद्रस्यैव च यत्कर्म स ज्ञेयः करुणो रसः ॥
Summary AI That which is an imitation of the Erotic (Shringara) is called the Comic (Hasya). And the consequence of the Furious (Raudra) is to be known as the Pathetic (Karuna) sentiment.
६.४१
वीरस्यापि च यत्कर्म सोऽद्भुतः परिकीर्तितः ।
बीभत्सदर्शनं यच्च ज्ञेयः स तु भयानकः ॥
Summary AI And the consequence of the Heroic (Vira) is called the Marvellous (Adbhuta). And that which is the sight of the Odious (Bibhatsa) is to be known as the Terrible (Bhayanaka).
६.४३
गौरो वीरस्तु विज्ञेयः कृष्णश्चैव भयानकः ।
नीलवर्णस्तु बीभत्सः पीतश्चैवाद्भुतः स्मृतः ॥
Summary AI The Heroic (Vira) should be known as golden-colored. The Terrible (Bhayanaka) is black. The Odious (Bibhatsa) is blue-colored. And the Marvellous (Adbhuta) is known as yellow.
अथ दैवतानि
६.४४
शृङ्गारो विष्णुदेवत्यो हास्यः प्रमथदैवतः ।
रौद्रो रुद्राधिदैवत्यः करुणो यमदैवतः ॥
Summary AI Now, the deities. The Erotic (Shringara) has Vishnu as its deity. The Comic (Hasya) has the Pramathas as its deities. The Furious (Raudra) has Rudra as its presiding deity. The Pathetic (Karuna) has Yama as its deity.
६.४५
बीभत्सस्य महाकालः कालदेवो भयानकः ।
वीरो महेन्द्रदेवः स्यादद्भुतो ब्रह्मदैवतः ॥
Summary AI The presiding deity of the Bibhatsa (disgusting) rasa is Mahakala; of the Bhayanaka (terrible) rasa, Kaladeva; of the Vira (heroic) rasa, Mahendra; and the Adbhuta (marvelous) rasa has Brahma as its deity.
॥ इति षष्ठोऽध्याय: ॥
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