चन्द्रालोकः — द्वितीयो मयूखः

स्याच्चेतो विशता येन सक्षता रमणीयता ।
शब्दे ऽर्थे च कृतोन्मेषं दोषमुद्घोषयन्ति तम् ॥

Summary AI A flaw is defined as that which, upon entering the mind, damages its aesthetic delight, manifesting itself in both words and meanings.

२.२

भवेच्छ्रुतिकटुर्वर्णः श्रवणोद्वेजने पटुः ।
संविद्रते व्याकरणविरुद्धं च्युतसंस्कृति ॥

Summary AI Sounds that are harsh to the ears are termed śrutikaṭu, while words that violate the rules of grammar are known as cyutasaṃskṛti.

२.३

अप्रयुक्तं दैवतादिशब्दे पुंल्लिङ्गतादिकम् ।
असमर्थं तु हन्त्यादेः प्रयोगो गमनादिषु ॥

Summary AI Using gender-specific forms like the masculine for words like daivata (divinity) is aprayukta (unused in literature), while using roots like han (to kill) to mean "to go" is asamartha (incapable of expressing meaning).

२.४

स हन्ति हन्त कान्तारे कान्तः कुटिलकुन्तलः ।
निहतार्थं लोहितादौ शोणितादिप्रयोगतः ॥

Summary AI An example of asamartha is: "Alas! The curly-haired lover travels (hanti) in the forest." The flaw nihatārtha occurs when words like śoṇita (blood) are used to mean red color.

२.५

व्यनक्त्यनुचितार्थं यत्पदमाहुस्तदेव तत् ।
इयमद्भुतशाख्यग्रकेलिकौतुकवानरी ॥

Summary AI The flaw anucitārtha occurs when a word conveys an inappropriate sense. For example: "This female monkey is curious to play on the tip of the wonderful tree."

२.६

निरर्थकं तुहीत्यादि पूरणैकप्रयोजनम् ।
अर्थे विदधदित्यादौ दधदाद्यमवाचकम् ॥

Summary AI Particles like tu and hi used solely to fill the meter are nirarthaka. Using dadhat in vidadhat to mean "giving" when it does not convey the primary sense is avācaka.

२.७

धत्ते नभस्तलं भास्वानरुणं तरुणैः करैः ।
एकाक्षरं विना भूभ्रूक्ष्मादिकं खतलादिवत् ॥

Summary AI An example of avācaka is "The sun makes the sky red with tender rays." Also, using words like khatala instead of standard terms like bhū, bhrū, or kṣmā without single syllables is a flaw.

२.८

अश्लीलं त्रिविधं व्रीडाजुगुप्सामङ्गलात्मना ।
आह्लादसाधनं वायुः कान्तानाशे भवेत्कथम् ॥

Summary AI The flaw aślīla (indecency) is of three types: causing shame, disgust, or inauspiciousness. For example: "How can the wind, a source of joy, exist during the destruction (nāśa) of the beloved?"

२.९

स्याद्द्व्यर्थमिह सन्दिग्धं नद्यां यान्ति पतत्रिणः ।
स्यादप्रतीतं शास्त्रैकगम्यं वीतानुमादिवत् ॥

Summary AI Sandigdha (ambiguous) arises from double meanings, as in "Birds/Arrows go to the river." Apratīta involves technical terms known only through specialized sciences, like vītānumā.

२.१०

शिथिलं शयने लिल्ये मच्चितं ते शशिश्रियि ।
मस्तपिष्टकटीलोष्टगल्लादि ग्राम्यमुच्यते ॥

Summary AI The verse "My heart melted loosely in your moon-like bed" is an example of a specific flaw. Vulgar or rustic words like masta, piṣṭa, kaṭī, loṣṭa, and galla are termed grāmya.

२.११

नेयार्थं लक्षणात्यन्तप्रसरादमनोहरम् ।
हिमांशोर्हारधिक्कारजागरे यामिकाः कराः ॥

Summary AI Neyārtha is an unpleasant meaning derived from an excessive stretch of metaphorical indication (lakṣaṇā). For example: "The moon's rays are watchmen in the awakening that shames a pearl necklace."

२.१२

क्लिष्टमर्थो यदीयो ऽर्थश्रेणिनिःश्रेणिम् ऋच्छति ।
हरिप्रियापितृवधूप्रवाहप्रतिमं वचः ॥

Summary AI Kliṣṭa (obscure) occurs when the meaning is reached through a long ladder of intermediate senses. For example, a speech like "the flow of the wife of the father of the beloved of Hari" (meaning the Gaṅgā).

२.१३

अविमृष्टविधेयांशः समासपिहिते विधौ ।
विशन्ति विशिखप्रायाः कटाक्षाः कामिनां हृदि ॥

Summary AI Avimṛṣṭavidheyāṃśa occurs when the main predicate is obscured by being part of a compound. For example: "Glances, mostly like arrows, enter the hearts of lovers," where the primary predicate "arrows" is compounded.

२.१४

अपराधीन इत्यादि विरुद्धमतिकृन्मतम् ।
अन्यसङ्गतमुत्तुङ्गहारशोभिपयोधरौ ॥

Summary AI Viruddhamatikṛt is a flaw where a word suggests an opposite or contradictory idea, like aparādhīna. Anyasaṅgata occurs when an adjective matches the wrong noun, like "breasts shining with a high necklace."

२.१५

रसाद्यनुचिते वर्णे प्रतिकूलाक्षरं विदुः ।
न मामङ्गद जानासि रावणं रणदारुणम् ॥

Summary AI Pratikūlākṣara is the use of letters inappropriate for the sentiment (rasa). For example, harsh sounds in a context where they do not fit: "O Aṅgada, you do not know me, Rāvaṇa, who is terrible in battle."

२.१६

यस्मिन्नुपहतो लुप्तो विसर्ग इह तत्तथा ।
कुसन्धिः पटवागच्छ विसन्धिर्नृपती इमौ ॥

Summary AI Kusandhi occurs when a visarga is distorted or dropped awkwardly. Visandhi is the absence of required sandhi, as in paṭu āgaccha or nṛpatī imau.

२.१७

हतवृत्तमनुक्तो ऽपि छन्दोदोषश्चकास्ति चेत् ।
विशाललोचने पश्याम्बरं तारातरङ्गितम् ॥

Summary AI Hatavṛtta occurs when a metrical flaw exists even if not explicitly stated by rules, or if the rhythm is unpleasant. Example: "O large-eyed one! See the sky rippling with stars."

२.१८

न्यूनं त्वत्खड्गसंभूतयशःपुष्पं नभस्तटम् ।
अधिकं भवतः शत्रून्दशत्यसिलताफणी ॥

Summary AI Nyūna is the flaw of omission, where a necessary word is missing (e.g., "The sky [is] the flower of fame born of your sword"). Adhika is the use of redundant words (e.g., "The creeper-sword-serpent bites your enemies").

२.१९

कथितं पुनरुक्ता वाक्श्यामाब्जश्यामलोचना ।
विकृतं दूरविवृतैरैयरुः कुञ्जराः पुरम् ॥

Summary AI Kathitapunarukta is the redundant repetition of a word, as in "dark-lotus-dark-eyed woman." Vikṛta involves excessive hiatus or phonetic distortion, as in "The elephants went to the city."

२.२०

पतत्प्रकर्षं हीनानुप्रासादित्वे यथोत्तरम् ।
गम्भीरारम्भदम्भोलिपाणिरेषः समागतः ॥

Summary AI Patatprakarṣa is a decline in poetic excellence or alliteration as the verse progresses. For example: "This one has arrived, holding the thunderbolt for a deep undertaking."

२.२१

समाप्तपुनरात्तं स्यादेष पीयूषभाजनम् ।
नेत्रानन्दी तुषारांशुरुदेत्यम्बुधिबान्धवः ॥

Summary AI The defect samāptapunarāttam (resuming the finished) occurs when a sentence is completed but then extended with additional epithets, such as: "This vessel of nectar, the delight of the eyes, the cool-rayed moon, the kinsman of the ocean, rises."

२.२२

अर्धान्तरपदापेक्षि क्रीडानृत्येषु सस्मितम् ।
मोघारम्भं स्तुमः शम्भुमर्धरम्भोरुविग्रहम् ॥

Summary AI We praise Śambhu, who has the form of a plantain-like thigh (as Ardhanārīśvara), who smiles during playful dances with seemingly futile efforts, and whose description requires words from the other half to be complete.

२.२३

अभवन्मतयोगः स्यान्न चेदभिमतो ऽन्वयः ।
येन बद्धो ऽम्बुधिर्यस्य रामस्यानुचरा वयम् ॥

Summary AI The defect abhavanmatayogaḥ occurs when the intended syntactic connection is not achieved, as in the phrase: "We are the followers of that Rāma by whom the ocean was bound and whose [we are]."

२.२४

द्विषां सम्पदमाच्छिद्य यः शत्रून्समपूरयत् ।
अस्थानस्थसमासं न विद्वज्जनमनोरमम् ॥

Summary AI The statement "He who, having seized the wealth of enemies, fulfilled the enemies" contains the defect asthānasthasamāsam (misplaced compound), which is not pleasing to learned people.

२.२५

मिथः पृथग्वाक्यपदैः संकीर्णं यत्तदेव तत् ।
वक्त्रेण भ्राजते रात्रिः कान्ता चन्द्रेण राजते ॥

Summary AI The defect saṃkīrṇam (intermingled) is defined as mixing words from different sentences, illustrated by: "The night shines with the face, the beloved glows with the moon."

२.२६

ब्रह्माण्डं त्वद्यशःपूरगर्भितं भूमिभूषण ।
आकर्णय पयःपूर्णसुवर्णकलशायते ॥

Summary AI O Ornament of the Earth! Listen, the universe, filled with the flood of your fame, appears like a golden pitcher full of milk.

२.२७

भग्नप्रक्रममारब्धशब्दनिर्वाहहीनता ।
अक्रमः कृष्ण पूज्यन्ते त्वामनभ्यर्च्य देवताः ॥

Summary AI The defect bhagnaprakrama consists of failing to maintain the started verbal style. The sentence "O Kṛṣṇa, without worshipping you, the deities are worshipped" illustrates akrama (lack of proper order).

२.२८

अमतार्थान्तरं मुख्ये ऽमुख्येनार्थे विरोधकृत् ।
त्यक्तहारमुरःकृत्वा शोकेनालिङ्गिताङ्गना ॥

Summary AI The defect amatārthāntaram occurs when a secondary meaning conflicts with the primary one, as in: "The woman was embraced by grief, having made her chest one that has abandoned the necklace."

२.२९

अपुष्टार्थो विशेष्ये चेन्न विशेषो विशेषणात् ।
विशन्ति हृदयं कान्ताकटाक्षाः खञ्जनत्विषः ॥

Summary AI The defect apuṣṭārthaḥ (unsubstantial meaning) occurs when an adjective adds nothing new to the noun, such as: "The side-glances of the beloved, possessing the luster of the khañjana bird, enter the heart."

२.३०

कष्टः स्पष्टावबोधार्थमक्षमो वाच्यसन्निभः ।
व्याहतश्चेद्विरोधः स्यान्मिथः पूर्वापरार्थयोः ॥

Summary AI The defect kaṣṭaḥ is one where the meaning is difficult to grasp despite being expressed; vyāhataḥ (contradicted) occurs when there is a mutual conflict between the preceding and succeeding parts of the meaning.

२.३१

सहस्रपत्रमित्रं ते वक्त्रं केनोपमीयते ।
कुतस्तत्रोपमा यत्र पुनरुक्तः सुधाकरः ॥

Summary AI With what can your lotus-like face be compared? How can there be a comparison in a context where even the moon is considered redundant or repetitive?

२.३२

दुष्क्रमग्राम्यसन्दिग्धास्त्रयो दोषाः क्रमादमी ।
त्वद्भक्तः कृष्ण गच्छेयं नरकं स्वर्गमेव वा ॥

Summary AI The defects duṣkrama (improper order), grāmya (vulgarity), and sandigdha (ambiguity) are presented. An example of duṣkrama is: "O Kṛṣṇa! I, your devotee, may go to hell or even to heaven."

२.३३

एकं मे चुम्बनं देहि तव दास्यामि कञ्चुकम् ।
ब्रूत किं सेव्यतां चन्द्रमुखीचन्द्रकिरीटयोः ॥

Summary AI "Give me one kiss, and I will give you a bodice" is an example of vulgarity. "Tell me, which should be served: the moon-faced woman or the moon-crested God (Śiva)?" is an example of ambiguity.

२.३४

अनौचित्यं कीर्तिलतां तरङ्गयति यः सदा ।
प्रसिद्ध्या विद्यया वापि विरुद्धं द्विविधं मतम् ॥

Summary AI Inappropriateness (anaucityam) is that which always causes the vine of fame to waver. It is considered to be of two kinds: contradiction with popular usage (prasiddhi) or with scientific knowledge (vidyā).

२.३५

न्यस्तेयं पश्य कन्दर्पप्रतापधवलद्युतिः ।
केतकी शेखरे शम्भोर्धत्ते चन्द्रकलातुलाम् ॥

Summary AI Look, this placed ketakī flower, with a white luster like the prowess of Kandarpa, bears a resemblance to the digit of the moon on the head of Śambhu.

२.३६

सामान्यपरिवृत्तिः स्यात्कुण्डलच्छविविग्रहा ।
विशेषपरिवृत्तिः स्याद्वनिता मम चेतसि ॥

Summary AI The defect sāmānyaparivṛttiḥ is illustrated by "one with a body of the luster of earrings," while viśeṣaparivṛttiḥ is seen in "the woman is in my heart."

२.३७

तथा सहचराचारुविरुद्धान्योन्यसंगती ।
ध्वाङ्क्षाः सन्तश्च तनयं स्वं परं च न जानते ॥

Summary AI Similarly, the defects of unpleasant association and contradictory mutual relation are shown in: "Crows and virtuous people do not know their own or others' offspring."

२.३८

सरोजनेत्र पुत्रस्य मुखेन्दुमवलोकय ।
पालयिष्यति ते गोत्रमसौ नरपुरन्दरः ॥

Summary AI O lotus-eyed one! Behold the moon-like face of your son. This Indra among men will protect your lineage.

२.३९

पदे तदंशे वाक्यांशे वाक्ये वाक्यकदम्बके ।
यथानुसारमभ्यूहेद्दोषान्शब्दार्थसंभवान् ॥

Summary AI One should investigate defects arising from both word and meaning within a single word, a part of a word, a part of a sentence, a full sentence, or a collection of sentences, as applicable.

२.४०

दोषमापतितं स्वान्ते प्रसरन्तं विशृङ्खलम् ।
निवारयति यस्त्रेधा दोषाङ्कुशमुशन्ति तम् ॥

Summary AI That which in three ways restrains a defect that has arisen in the mind and is spreading unchecked is called the 'goad for defects' (doṣāṅkuśaḥ).

२.४१

दोषे गुणत्वं तनुते दोषत्वं वा निरस्यति ।
भवन्तमथवा दोषं नयत्यत्याज्यतामसौ ॥

Summary AI This poetic skill or context extends merit to a fault, eliminates its faultiness, or renders an existing fault unavoidable and thus acceptable.

२.४२

मुखं चन्द्रश्रियं धत्ते श्वेतश्मश्रुकराङ्कुरैः ।
अत्र हास्यरसोद्देशे ग्राम्यत्वं गुणतां गतम् ॥

Summary AI The face bears the beauty of the moon with rays in the form of white beard-hairs. In this context of hāsyarasa (the sentiment of humor), the fault of grāmyatva (rusticity) has attained the status of a merit.

२.४३

तव दुग्धाब्धिसंभूतेः कथं जाता कलाङ्किता ।
कवीनां समयाद्विद्याविरुद्धो ऽदोषतां गतः ॥

Summary AI How did you, born from the Ocean of Milk, become marked with spots? Through kavi-samaya (poetic convention), that which contradicts scientific knowledge (vidyāviruddha) has attained the state of being faultless.

२.४४

दधार गौरी हृदये देवं हिमकराङ्कितम् ।
अत्र श्लेषोदयान्नैव त्याज्यं हीति निरर्थकम् ॥

Summary AI Gaurī held in her heart the Lord marked by the moon. Here, due to the emergence of śleṣa (double entendre), the expletive hi, though technically a nirarthaka (meaningless) fault, should not be discarded.

२.४५

महादेवः सत्रप्रमुखमखविद्यैकचतुरः
सुमित्रा तद्भक्तिप्रणिहितमतिर्यस्य पितरौ ।
द्वितीयस्तेनासौ सुकविजयदेवेन रचिते
चिरं चन्द्रालोके सुखयतु मयूखः सुमनसः ॥

Summary AI May this second Mayūkha (chapter) of the Candrāloka, composed by the poet Jayadeva—whose parents are Mahādeva, an expert in the knowledge of great sacrifices, and Sumitrā, whose mind is fixed on devotion to him—long delight the wise.

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