विष्णुपुराणम् — प्रथमांशे द्वाविंशोऽध्यायः | viṣṇupurāṇam

श्रीपराशर उवाच ।

यदाभिषिक्तः स पृथुः पूर्वं राज्ये महर्षिभिः ।
ततः क्रमेण राज्यानि ददौ लोकपितामहः ॥

Summary AI When Pṛthu was first consecrated in the kingdom by the great seers, the Grandsire of the worlds, Brahmā, then distributed various kingdoms in sequence.

१.२२.२

नक्षत्रग्रहविप्राणां वीरुधां चाप्यशेषतः ।
सोमं राज्ये दधद्ब्रह्म यज्ञानां तपसामपि ॥

Summary AI Brahmā appointed Soma as the ruler over the constellations, planets, Brāhmaṇas, creepers, and all sacrifices and austerities.

१.२२.३

राज्ञां वैश्रवणं राज्ये जलानां वरुणं तथा ।
आदित्यानां पतिं विष्णुं वसूनामथ पावकम् ॥

Summary AI He appointed Vaiśravaṇa as the king of kings, Varuṇa over the waters, Viṣṇu as the lord of the Ādityas, and Pāvaka over the Vasus.

१.२२.४

प्रजापतीनां दक्षं तु वासवं मरुतामपि ।
दैत्यानां दानवानां च प्रह्लादमधिपं ददौ ॥

Summary AI He designated Dakṣa as the chief of the Prajāpatis, Vāsava over the Maruts, and Prahlāda as the sovereign of the Daityas and Dānavas.

१.२२.५

पितॄणां धर्मराजानं यमं राज्ये ऽभ्यषेचयत् ।
ऐरावतं गर्जेद्राणामशोषाणां पतिं ददौ ॥

Summary AI He consecrated Yama, the king of righteousness, over the Pitṛs, and appointed Airāvata as the lord of all the great elephants.

१.२२.६

पतत्रिणां तु गुरुडं देवानामपि वासवम् ।
उच्चैःश्रवसमश्वानां वृषभं तु गवामपि ॥

Summary AI He made Garuḍa the king of birds, Vāsava the ruler of the gods, Uccaiḥśravas the lord of horses, and the Bull the sovereign of kine.

१.२२.७

मृगाणां चैव सर्वेषां राज्ये सिंहं ददौ प्रभुः ।
शेषं तु दन्दशूकानामकरोत्पतिमव्ययः ॥

Summary AI The Lord appointed the Lion as the king over all beasts and the imperishable Lord made Śeṣa the king of the serpents.

१.२२.८

हिमालयं स्थावरणां मुनीनां कपिलं मुनिम् ।
नखिनां देष्ट्रिणां चैव मृगाणां व्याघ्रमीश्वरम् ॥

Summary AI He designated the Himālaya as the king of stationary things, the sage Kapila over the ascetics, and the Tiger as the ruler of clawed and fanged animals.

१.२२.९

वनस्पतीनां राजानेः प्लक्षमैवाब्यषेचयत् ।
एवमेवान्यजातीनां प्राधान्येनाकरोत्प्रभून् ॥

Summary AI He consecrated the Plakṣa tree as the king of the forest-trees; in this manner, he appointed various lords over other species according to their prominence.

१.२२.१०

एवं विभज्य राज्यानि दिशां पालाननन्तरम् ।
प्रजापतिपतिर्ब्रह्मा स्थापयामास सर्वतः ॥

Summary AI Having thus distributed the kingdoms, Brahmā, the Lord of the Prajāpatis, subsequently established the guardians of the directions in every quarter.

१.२२.११

पूर्वस्यां दिशि राजानं वैराजस्य प्रजापतेः ।
दिशापालं सुधन्वानं सुतं वै सो ऽभ्यषेचयत् ॥

Summary AI In the eastern quarter, he consecrated Sudhanvan, the son of the Prajāpati Vairāja, as the king and guardian of that direction.

१.२२.१२

दक्षिणस्यां दिशि तथा कर्दमस्य प्रजापतेः ।
पुत्रं शङ्खपदं नाम राजानं सो ऽभ्यषेचयत् ॥

Summary AI Likewise, in the southern quarter, he consecrated the son of the Prajāpati Kardama, named Śaṅkhapada, as the king.

१.२२.१३

पश्चिमस्यां दिशि तथा रजसः पुत्रमच्युतम् ।
केतुमन्तं महात्मानं राजानं सो ऽभ्यषैचयत् ॥

Summary AI Similarly, in the western quarter, he consecrated the high-souled Ketumat, the son of Rajas, as the king.

१.२२.१४

तथा हिरण्यरोमाणं पर्जन्यस्य प्रजापतेः ।
उदीच्यां दिशि दुर्धर्षं राजानमभ्यषेचयत् ॥

Summary AI In the northern quarter, he consecrated the invincible Hiraṇyaroman, the son of the Prajāpati Parjanya, as the king.

१.२२.१५

तैरियं पृथिवी सर्वा सप्तद्वीपा सपत्तना ।
यथाप्रदेशमद्यापि धर्मतः परिपाल्यते ॥

Summary AI By them, this entire earth with its seven islands and cities is still protected righteously in their respective regions to this day.

१.२२.१६

एते सर्वे प्रवृत्तस्य स्थितौ विष्णोर्महात्मनः ।
विभूतिभूता राजानो ये चान्ये मुनिसत्तम ॥

Summary AI O best of sages, all these kings and others are the manifestations of the high-souled Viṣṇu, who is engaged in the preservation of the universe.

१.२२.१७

ये भविष्यन्ति ये भूताः सर्वे भूतेश्वरा द्विज ।
ते सर्वे सर्वभूतस्य विष्णोरंशा द्विजोत्तम ॥

Summary AI O best of the twice-born, all the lords of beings who have existed or will exist are portions of Viṣṇu, who is the essence of all beings.

१.२२.१८

ये तु देवाधिपतयो ये च दैत्याधिपास्तथा ।
दानवानां च ये नाथा ये नाथाः पिशिताशिनाम् ॥

Summary AI Those who are the lords of the gods, the chiefs of the Daityas, the masters of the Dānavas, and the leaders of the flesh-eaters.

१.२२.१९

पशुनां ये च पतयः पतयो ये च पक्षिणाम् ।
मनुष्याणां च सर्पाणां नागानामधिपाश्च ये ॥

Summary AI Those who are the lords of beasts, the lords of birds, and the sovereigns of humans, serpents, and Nāgas.

१.२२.२०

वृक्षाणां पर्वतानां च ग्रहाणां चापि ये ऽधिपाः ।
अतीता वर्तमानाश्च ये भविष्यन्ति चापरे ।
ते सर्वे सर्वभूतस्य विष्णोरंशसमुद्भावाः ॥

Summary AI The lords of trees, mountains, and planets—those of the past, present, and the future—all originate from a portion of Viṣṇu, who is the soul of all beings.

१.२२.२१

न हि पालनसामर्थ्यमृते सर्वेश्वरं हरिम् ।
स्थितं स्थितौ महाप्राज्ञ भवत्यन्यस्य कस्यचित् ॥

Summary AI O wise one, in the state of preservation, none other than Lord Hari, the Supreme Master who remains present in sustenance, possesses the power of protection.

१.२२.२२

सृजत्येष जगत्सृष्टौ स्थितौ पाति सनातनः ।
हन्ति चैवान्तकत्वेन रजःसत्त्वादिसंश्रयः ॥

Summary AI This eternal Lord, relying on the qualities of rajas, sattva, and others, creates the world during creation, protects it during sustenance, and destroys it in the form of the Ender.

१.२२.२३

चतुर्विभागः संसृष्टौ चतुर्धा संस्थितः स्थितौ ।
प्रलयं च करोत्यन्ते चतुर्भेदो जनार्दनः ॥

Summary AI Divided into four parts during creation, established in four ways during sustenance, and effecting dissolution at the end, Lord Janārdana appears in four distinct forms.

१.२२.२४

एकेनांशेन ब्रह्मसौ भवत्यव्यक्तमूर्तिमान् ।
मरीचिमिश्राः पतयः प्रजानाञ्चान्यभागशः ॥

Summary AI With one portion, He becomes the unmanifest-form of Brahmā, and with other portions, He manifests as the lords of progeny such as Marīci and his peers.

१.२२.२५

कालस्तृतीयस्तस्यांशः सर्वभूतानि चापरः ।
इत्थं चतुर्धा संसृष्टौ वर्ततेसौ रजोगुणः ॥

Summary AI Time is His third portion, and all living beings are the other. Thus, in the process of creation, He exists in four ways through the quality of rajas.

१.२२.२६

एकांशेनास्थितो विष्णुः करोति प्रतिपालनम् ।
मन्वादिरूपश्चान्येन कालरूपो ऽपरोण च ॥

Summary AI Established in one portion, Viṣṇu performs protection; in another, He takes the form of Manu and others; and in yet another, He exists as the form of Time.

१.२२.२७

सर्वभूतेषु चान्येन संश्थितः कुरुते स्थितिम् ।
सत्त्वं गुणं समाश्रित्य जगतः पुरुषोत्तमः ॥

Summary AI Relying on the quality of sattva, Puruṣottama dwells within all beings through another portion to maintain the stability and preservation of the universe.

१.२२.२८

आश्रित्य तमसो वृत्तिमन्तकाले तथा पुनः ।
रुद्रस्वरूपो भगवानेकांशेन भवत्यजः ॥

Summary AI Similarly, at the time of the end, the unborn Lord, resorting to the mode of tamas, becomes Rudra through a single portion.

१.२२.२९

अग्न्यन्तकादिरूपेण भागेनान्येन वर्तते ।
कालस्वरूपो भागो यःसर्वभूतानि चापरः ॥

Summary AI In another portion, He exists as fire, the Ender, and others; one portion is of the nature of Time, and another consists of all living beings.

१.२२.३०

विनाशं कुर्वतस्तस्य चतुर्धैवं महात्मनः ।
विभागकल्पना ब्रह्मन्कथ्यते सार्वकालिकी ॥

Summary AI O Brahman, this fourfold division of the Great Soul who effects destruction is described as the eternal arrangement applicable for all times.

१.२२.३१

ब्रह्म दक्षादयः कालस्तथै वाखिलजन्तवः ।
विभूतयो हरेरेता जगतः सृष्टिहेतवः ॥

Summary AI Brahmā, Dakṣa and others, Time, and all living creatures—these are the glories of Hari that serve as the causes for the creation of the world.

१.२२.३२

विष्णुर्मन्वादयः कालः सर्वभूतानि च द्विज ।
स्थितेर्निमित्तभूतस्य विष्णोरेता विभूतयः ॥

Summary AI O twice-born, Viṣṇu, Manu and others, Time, and all beings are the manifestations of Viṣṇu, who is the instrumental cause of preservation.

१.२२.३३

रुद्रः कालान्तकाद्याश्च समस्ताश्चैव जन्तवः ।
चतुर्धा प्रलायायैता जनार्दनविभूतयः ॥

Summary AI Rudra, Time, the Ender, and all living beings are the fourfold manifestations of Janārdana destined to bring about the dissolution of the universe.

१.२२.३४

जगदादौ तथा मध्ये सृष्टिराप्रलया द्विज ।
धात्रा मरीचिमिश्रैश्च क्रियते जन्तुभिस्तथा ॥

Summary AI O twice-born, from the world's origin until its dissolution, creation is carried out by the Creator, by Marīci and others, and by all living beings.

१.२२.३५

ब्रह्म सृजत्यादिकाले मरीचिप्रमुखास्ततः ।
उत्पादयन्त्यपत्यानि जन्तवश्च प्रतिक्षणम् ॥

Summary AI Brahmā creates at the beginning of time; thereafter, the patriarchs led by Marīci and all living beings continuously produce offspring.

१.२२.३६

कालेन न विना ब्रह्म सृष्टिनिष्पादको द्विज ।
न प्रजापतयः सर्वे न चैवाखिलजन्तवः ॥

Summary AI O twice-born, without Time, neither Brahmā, nor all the lords of progeny, nor any living beings can accomplish the act of creation.

१.२२.३७

एवमेव विभागोयं स्तितावप्युपदिश्यति ।
चतुर्दा तस्य देवस्य मैत्रेय प्रलये तथा ॥

Summary AI O Maitreya, in the same manner, this fourfold division of the Lord is taught concerning preservation as well as dissolution.

१.२२.३८

यत्किञ्चित्सृज्यते येन सत्त्वजातेन वै द्विज ।
तस्य सृज्यस्य सम्भूतो तत्सर्वं वै हरेस्तनुः ॥

Summary AI O twice-born, whatever is created by any being, in the birth of that created object, everything is indeed the body of Hari.

१.२२.३९

हन्ति यावच्च यत्किञ्चित्सत्त्वं स्थावरजङ्गमम् ।
जनार्दनस्य तद्रौद्रं मैत्रेयान्तकरं वतुः ॥

Summary AI O Maitreya, whatever living being, whether stationary or moving, destroys anything, that is the fierce, end-causing form of Lord Janārdana.

१.२२.४०

एवमेष जगत्स्त्रष्टा जगत्पाता तथा जगत् ।
जगद्भक्षयिता देवः समस्तस्य जनार्दनः ॥

Summary AI Thus, this Lord Janārdana is the creator of the universe, its protector, the universe itself, and the devourer of all things.

१.२२.४१

सृष्ठिस्थित्यन्तकालेषु त्रिधैवं संप्रवर्तते ।
गुणप्रवृत्या परमं पदं तस्यागुणं महत् ॥

Summary AI The supreme and vast attribute-less state of Viṣṇu manifests in three ways through the operation of the qualities (guṇas) during the periods of creation, preservation, and dissolution.

१.२२.४२

तच्च ज्ञानमयं व्यापि स्वासंवेद्यमनौपमम् ।
चतुष्प्रकारं तदपि स्वरूपं परमात्मनः ॥

Summary AI That all-pervading form of the Supreme Soul is composed of knowledge, incomparable, and beyond its own perception; yet, that essence also exists in four distinct aspects.

श्रीमैत्रेय उवाच ।

१.२२.४३

चतुःप्रकारतां तस्य ब्रह्मभूतस्य हे मुने ।
ममाचक्ष्व यथान्यायं यदुक्तं परमं पदम् ॥

Summary AI O Sage, explain to me systematically the fourfold nature of that supreme state which is Brahman, as has been described.

श्रीपरासर उवाच ।

१.२२.४४

मैत्रेय कारणं प्रोक्तं साधनं सर्ववस्तुषु ।
साध्यं च वस्त्वभिमतं यत्साधयितुमात्मनः ॥

Summary AI O Maitreya, in all endeavors, the cause is termed the means (sādhana), and the object that one intends to accomplish for oneself is the goal (sādhya).

१.२२.४५

योगिनो मुक्तिकामस्य प्राणायामादिसाधनम् ।
साध्यं च परमं ब्रह्म पुनर्नवर्ततेयतः ॥

Summary AI For a yogi desiring liberation, practices like breath control (prāṇāyāma) are the means, and the Supreme Brahman, from which one never returns, is the goal.

१.२२.४६

साधनालम्बनं ज्ञानं मुक्तये योगिनां हि यत् ।
स भेदः प्रथमस्तस्य ब्रह्मभूतस्य वै मुने ॥

Summary AI O Sage, the knowledge which serves as the support for the means used by yogis to attain liberation is the first aspect of that Brahman-state.

१.२२.४७

युञ्जतः क्लेशमुक्त्यर्थं साध्यं यद्ब्रह्म योगिनः ।
तदालम्बनविज्ञानं द्वितीयोऽंशो महामुने ॥

Summary AI O Great Sage, the specific knowledge focused on Brahman as the goal, which a yogi contemplates to achieve freedom from afflictions, is the second part.

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