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॥ अथ १३.२४ ॥
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
१३.२४.१
श्राद्धकाले च दैवे च धर्मे चापि पितामह ।
इच्छामीह त्वयाख्यातं विहितं यत्सुरर्षिभिः ॥
M N Dutt Yudhishthira said I wish you, O grandfather to tell me what the ordinances about the rites for the deities and the departed manes on occasions of Shraddhas.
भीष्म उवाच ।
१३.२४.२
दैवं पूर्वाह्णिके कुर्यादपराह्णे तु पैतृकम् ।
मङ्गलाचारसंपन्नः कृतशौचः प्रयत्नवान् ॥
M N Dutt Bhishma said Having purified oneself and then performed the well known auspicious rites, one should carefully perform all acts relating to the Pitris in the afternoon.
१३.२४.४
लङ्घितं चावलीढं च कलिपूर्वं च यत्कृतम् ।
रजस्वलाभिर्दृष्टं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt Gifts of articles that have been leapt over by any one, or been licked or sucked, or are not given peacefully, or have been seen by women who are impure for being in their season do not produce any merit. Such gifts are considered as the portions of Rakshasas.
१३.२४.५
अवघुष्टं च यद्भुक्तमव्रतेन च भारत ।
परामृष्टं शुना चैव तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt Gifts of articles that have been announced before many people or from which a part has been eaten by a Shudra or, that have been seen or licked by a dog, form portions of Rakshasas.
१३.२४.६
केशकीटावपतितं क्षुतं श्वभिरवेक्षितम् ।
रुदितं चावधूतं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt Food which is mixed with hair or in which there are worms, or which has been spoiled with spittle or saliva or which has been looked at by a dog or into which teardrops have fallen or which has been trodden upon, should be known as forming the part of Rakshasas.
१३.२४.७
निर्ॐकारेण यद्भुक्तं सशस्त्रेण च भारत ।
दुरात्मना च यद्भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt Food that has been eaten by a person incompetent to utter the syllable Om, or that has been eaten by a person bearing arms, O Bharata, or that has been caten by a wicked person, should be known as due to Rakshasas.
१३.२४.८
परोच्छिष्टं च यद्भुक्तं परिभुक्तं च यद्भवेत् ।
दैवे पित्र्ये च सततं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt The food that is caten by a person from which a part has already been extent by another, or which is eaten without a part thereof having been offered to gods and guests and children, is appropriated by Rakshasas. Such impure food, if offered to the deities and Pitris is never accepted by them but is appropriated by Rakshasas.
१३.२४.१०
मन्त्रहीनं क्रियाहीनं यच्छ्राद्धं परिविष्यते ।
त्रिभिर्वर्णैर्नरश्रेष्ठ तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt The food that is offered by the three twice born classes in Shraddhas in which Mantras are either not uttered or uttered incorrectly and in which the ordinances laid down in the scriptures are not duly performed, if given to guests and other people, is appropriated by Rakshasas.
१३.२४.११
आज्याहुतिं विना चैव यत्किंचित्परिविष्यते ।
दुराचारैश्च यद्भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः ॥
M N Dutt The food that is given to guests without having been previously dedicated to the deities or the Pitris with the help of libations on the sacred fire, or which has been sullied on account of a part thereof having been eaten by a person who is wicked or of irreligious conduct, should be known as being due to Rakshasas.
१३.२४.१३
यावन्तः पतिता विप्रा जडोन्मत्तास्तथैव च ।
दैवे वाप्यथ वा पित्र्ये राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt All Brahmanas that have been outcasted, as also Brahmanas who are idiots and insane, do not deserve to be invited to Shraddhas in which offerings are made to either the deities or the departed manes.
१३.२४.१४
श्वित्री कुष्ठी च क्लीबश्च तथा यक्ष्महतश्च यः ।
अपस्मारी च यश्चान्धो राजन्नार्हन्ति सत्कृतिम् ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmanas who is afflicted with leucoderina, or he who is shorn of generative power, or he who has got leprosy, or he who has got phthisis, or he who suffers from epilepsy, or he who is blind, should not O king, be invited.
१३.२४.१५
चिकित्सका देवलका वृथानियमधारिणः ।
सोमविक्रयिणश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt Those Brahinana who practise as physicians, those who get regular pay for adoring the images of gods established by the rich or live upon the service of the gods, those who observe vows from pride or other false motives and those who sell Soma wine, do not deserve to be invited.
१३.२४.१६
गायना नर्तकाश्चैव प्लवका वादकास्तथा ।
कथका योधकाश्चैव राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt Those Brahmanas who are by profession, vocalists, or dancers or players or instrumental musicians, or reciters of sacred books, or warriors and athletes, should not, O king be invited.
१३.२४.१७
होतारो वृषलानां च वृषलाध्यापकास्तथा ।
तथा वृषलशिष्याश्च राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt Those Brahmanas who pour libations on the sacred fire for Shudras or who are preceptors of Shudras, or who are servant of Shudra masters, should not be invited.
१३.२४.१८
अनुयोक्ता च यो विप्रो अनुयुक्तश्च भारत ।
नार्हतस्तावपि श्राद्धं ब्रह्मविक्रयिणौ हि तौ ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana who is paid for his services as a preceptor or who attends as a pupil upon the lectures of some preceptor for an allowance paid to him, does not deserve to be invited, for both of thein are considered as sellers of Vedic learning.
१३.२४.१९
अग्रणीर्यः कृतः पूर्वं वर्णावरपरिग्रहः ।
ब्राह्मणः सर्वविद्योऽपि राजन्नार्हति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana who has been once induced to accept the gift of food in a Shraddha at the very beginning, as also he who has married a Shudra wife, even if gifted with every sort of knowledge, should not be invited.
१३.२४.२०
अनग्नयश्च ये विप्रा मृतनिर्यातकाश्च ये ।
स्तेनाश्च पतिताश्चैव राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt Those Brahmanas who have no domestic fire, and they who attend upon corpses, they who are thieves, and they who have otherwise degraded themselves, do not o king, deserve to be invited.
१३.२४.२२
ऋणकर्ता च यो राजन्यश्च वार्धुषिको द्विजः ।
प्राणिविक्रयवृत्तिश्च राजन्नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana who gives loans of money, or he who lives upon the interest of the loans given by him, or he who lives by the sale of living creatures, should not, O king, be invited.
१३.२४.२३
स्त्रीपूर्वाः काण्डपृष्ठाश्च यावन्तो भरतर्षभ ।
अजपा ब्राह्मणाश्चैव श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम् ॥
M N Dutt Persons who are henpecked or they who live by becoming the paramours of unchaste women, or they who do not perform their morning and evening prayers, should not, O king, be invited to Shraddhas.
१३.२४.२४
श्राद्धे दैवे च निर्दिष्टा ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ ।
दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च शृणुष्वानुग्रहं पुनः ॥
M N Dutt Listen now to me as I say who the Brahmava is who has been ordained for acts done in honour of the gods and the departed manes. Indeed, I shall tell you what those merits are on account of which one may become a giver or a recipient of gifts in Shraddhas.
१३.२४.२५
चीर्णव्रता गुणैर्युक्ता भवेयुर्येऽपि कर्षकाः ।
सावित्रीज्ञाः क्रियावन्तस्ते राजन्केतनक्षमाः ॥
M N Dutt Those Brahmanas who perform the rites and ceremonies laid down in the scriptures, or they who are possessed of merit, or they who know well the Gayatri, or they who perform the ordinary duties of Brahmanas, even if they happen to take lo agriculture for a living, are capable, O king, of being invited to Shraddhas.
१३.२४.२६
क्षात्रधर्मिणमप्याजौ केतयेत्कुलजं द्विजम् ।
न त्वेव वणिजं तात श्राद्धेषु परिकल्पयेत् ॥
M N Dutt If a Brahmana happens to be well born, he should be invited to Shraddhas notwithstanding his taking up arms for fighting the battles of others. That Brahmana however O son, who happens lo drive a trade for a living should be discarded.
१३.२४.२७
अग्निहोत्री च यो विप्रो ग्रामवासी च यो भवेत् ।
अस्तेनश्चातिथिज्ञश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana who pours libations every day on the sacred fire, or who lives in a fixed habitation, who is not a thief and who performs the duties of hospitality to guests arrived at his house, should O king, be invited to Shraddhas.
१३.२४.२८
सावित्रीं जपते यस्तु त्रिकालं भरतर्षभ ।
भिक्षावृत्तिः क्रियावांश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana, O chief of Bharata's race, who recites the Savitri morning, noon and night or who lives upon charity begging as much as is necessary, who is observant of the rites and ceremonies laid down in the scriptures for persons of his order, should, O king, be invited to Shraddhas.
१३.२४.२९
उदितास्तमितो यश्च तथैवास्तमितोदितः ।
अहिंस्रश्चाल्पदोषश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana who having acquired riches in the morning becomes poor in the afternoon, or who poor in the morning becomes rich in the evening, or who is shorn of inalice or is stained by a minor faulty should, O king, be invited to Shraddhas.
१३.२४.३०
अकल्कको ह्यतर्कश्च ब्राह्मणो भरतर्षभ ।
ससंज्ञो भैक्ष्यवृत्तिश्च स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana who is shorn of pride or sin, who is not given to dry disputation, or who lives upon alms got in his rounds of mendicancy from house to house; should, O king, be invited to sacrifices.
१३.२४.३१
अव्रती कितवः स्तेनः प्राणिविक्रय्यथो वणिक् ।
पश्चाच्च पीतवान्सोमं स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥
M N Dutt One who does not observe vows or who is given to untruth, who is a theif, or who lives by the sale of living creatures or by trade in general, should be invited to Shraddhas, ) king, if he happen to subsequently drink Soma in a sacrifice.
१३.२४.३२
अर्जयित्वा धनं पूर्वं दारुणैः कृषिकर्मभिः ।
भवेत्सर्वातिथिः पश्चात्स राजन्केतनक्षमः ॥
M N Dutt That man who having acquired riches by foul or cruel means subsequently spends it in worshipping the gods and performing the duties of hospitality, becomes worthy, O king, of being invited to Shraddhas.
१३.२४.३३
ब्रह्मविक्रयनिर्दिष्टं स्त्रिया यच्चार्जितं धनम् ।
अदेयं पितृदेवेभ्यो यच्च क्लैब्यादुपार्जितम् ॥
M N Dutt The riches that one has acquired by the sale of Vedic learning, or which has been acquired by a woman, or which has been gamed by meanness, should never be given to Brahmanas or spent in making offerings to the departed manes.
१३.२४.३४
क्रियमाणेऽपवर्गे तु यो द्विजो भरतर्षभ ।
न व्याहरति यद्युक्तं तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana, O chief of Bharata's race, who upon the completion of a Shraddha that is performed with his help, refuses to utter the words yukta, commits the sin of swearing falsely in a suit for land.
१३.२४.३५
श्राद्धस्य ब्राह्मणः कालः प्राप्तं दधि घृतं तथा ।
सोमक्षयश्च मांसं च यदारण्यं युधिष्ठिर ॥
M N Dutt The time for celebrating the Shraddha, O Yudhishthira, is that when one gets a good Brahmana and curds and clarified butter and the sacred day of the new moon and the meat of wild animals such as deer and others.
१३.२४.३६
श्राद्धापवर्गे विप्रस्य स्वधा वै स्वदिता भवेत् ।
क्षत्रियस्याप्यथो ब्रूयात्प्रीयन्तां पितरस्त्विति ॥
M N Dutt Upon the termination of a Shraddha performed by a Brahmana the word Svadha should be uttered. If performed by a Kshatriya the words that should be uttered are Let your departed manes be pleased.
१३.२४.४०
विप्रस्य रशना मौञ्जी मौर्वी राजन्यगामिनी ।
बाल्वजीत्येव वैश्यस्य धर्म एष युधिष्ठिर ॥
M N Dutt The girdle of Brahmana should be made of Munja grass. That of a Kshatriya should be a bowstring. The Vaishya's girdle should be made of the Valvaji grass. This has been laid down in the scriptures.
१३.२४.४१
दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च धर्माधर्माविमौ शृणु ।
ब्राह्मणस्यानृतेऽधर्मः प्रोक्तः पातकसंज्ञितः ।
चतुर्गुणः क्षत्रियस्य वैश्यस्याष्टगुणः स्मृतः ॥
M N Dutt Listen now to me as I explain to you what forms the merits and demerits of both givers and recipients of gifts. A Brahmana violates his duty by uttering an untruth. Such an act on his part is sinful. A Kshatriya perpetrates four fold and a Vaishya eightfold the sin that a Brahmana incurs by uttering an untruth.
१३.२४.४२
नान्यत्र ब्राह्मणोऽश्नीयात्पूर्वं विप्रेण केतितः ।
यवीयान्पशुहिंसायां तुल्यधर्मो भवेत्स हि ॥
M N Dutt A Brahmana should not eat elsewhere, having been previously invited by a Brahmana. By eating at the house of the person by whom he has been invited afterwards, he becomes inferior and even incurs the sin of the slaughter of an animal on occasions other than those of sacrifices.
१३.२४.४३
अथ राजन्यवैश्याभ्यां यद्यश्नीयात्तु केतितः ।
यवीयान्पशुहिंसायां भागार्धं समवाप्नुयात् ॥
M N Dutt So also, if he eats elsewhere after having been invited by a Kshatriya or a Vaishya, he falls away from his position and incurs half the sin of the slaughter of an animal on occasion other than those of sacrifices.
१३.२४.४४
दैवं वाप्यथ वा पित्र्यं योऽश्नीयाद्ब्राह्मणादिषु ।
अस्नातो ब्राह्मणो राजंस्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana, O king, who eats on occasions of such acts as are performed in honour of the gods or the departed manes by Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, without having performed his ablutions, commits the sin of uttering an untruth for a COW.
१३.२४.४५
आशौचो ब्राह्मणो राजन्योऽश्नीयाद्ब्राह्मणादिषु ।
ज्ञानपूर्वमथो लोभात्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥
M N Dutt That Brahmana, O king, who eats on occasions of similar acts performed by persons belonging to three higher castes, at a time when he is impure on account of either a birth or a death among his cognates, and knowing that he is impure or through temptation, commits the same sin.
१३.२४.४६
अन्नेनान्नं च यो लिप्सेत्कर्मार्थं चैव भारत ।
आमन्त्रयति राजेन्द्र तस्याधर्मोऽनृतं स्मृतम् ॥
M N Dutt He who lives upon riches acquired under false pretences like that of sojourns to sacred places or who begs the giver for riches pretending that he would spend it in religious acts, commits, O king, the sin of uttering an untruth,
१३.२४.४७
अवेदव्रतचारित्रास्त्रिभिर्वर्णैर्युधिष्ठिर ।
मन्त्रवत्परिविष्यन्ते तेष्वधर्मो गवानृतम् ॥
M N Dutt That person, belonging to any of the three higher castes, O Yudhishthira, Yudhishthira, who at Shraddhas and on other occasions distributes food with the help of Mantras, to such Brahmanas as do not study the Vedas or who do not observe vows or who have not purified their conduct, forsooth, commits sin.
युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
॥ इति १३.२४ ॥

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