वैशंपायन उवाच ।
१२.३७.१
एवमुक्तो भगवता धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
चिन्तयित्वा मुहूर्तं तु प्रत्युवाच तपोधनम् ॥
चिन्तयित्वा मुहूर्तं तु प्रत्युवाच तपोधनम् ॥
M N Dutt
Vaishampayana said This accosted by the holy Rishi, king Yudhishthira the just, having thought for a short time, said these words to the sage.
१२.३७.२
किं भक्ष्यं किमभक्ष्यं च किं च देयं प्रशस्यते ।
किं च पात्रमपात्रं वा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥
किं च पात्रमपात्रं वा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥
M N Dutt
Yudhishthira said Tell me, O grandfather, what food is clean and what, unclean, what gift is praiseworthy, and who is the deserving, and who, undeserving (recipients of gifts).
व्यास उवाच ।
१२.३७.३
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
सिद्धानां चैव संवादं मनोश्चैव प्रजापतेः ॥
सिद्धानां चैव संवादं मनोश्चैव प्रजापतेः ॥
M N Dutt
Vyasa said “Regarding it is cited a old discourse between the ascetics and that lord of creation, viz., Manu.
१२.३७.७
अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः क्षमेज्या धर्मलक्षणम् ॥
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः क्षमेज्या धर्मलक्षणम् ॥
M N Dutt
Refusal to take what is not given, gift, study of sacred books, penance, abstention from injury, truth, freedom from anger, and adoration of the gods in sacrifices,-these are the marks of virtue.
१२.३७.८
य एव धर्मः सोऽधर्मोऽदेशेऽकाले प्रतिष्ठितः ।
आदानमनृतं हिंसा धर्मो व्यावस्थिकः स्मृतः ॥
आदानमनृतं हिंसा धर्मो व्यावस्थिकः स्मृतः ॥
M N Dutt
Virtue again, according to time and place, becomes sin. Thus misappropriation of another's property, untruth, and injury and killing, may under special circumstances, become virtue.
१२.३७.१२
अप्रेक्षापूर्वकरणादशुभानां शुभं फलम् ।
ऊर्ध्वं भवति संदेहादिह दृष्टार्थमेव वा ।
अप्रेक्षापूर्वकरणात्प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ॥
ऊर्ध्वं भवति संदेहादिह दृष्टार्थमेव वा ।
अप्रेक्षापूर्वकरणात्प्रायश्चित्तं विधीयते ॥
M N Dutt
Expiation has been laid down, for an act undertaken for the purpose of doing mischief (to some one) in the future, as well as for an act done whose consequence is apparently mischievous.
१२.३७.१३
क्रोधमोहकृते चैव दृष्टान्तागमहेतुभिः ।
शरीराणामुपक्लेशो मनसश्च प्रियाप्रिये ।
तदौषधैश्च मन्त्रैश्च प्रायश्चित्तैश्च शाम्यति ॥
शरीराणामुपक्लेशो मनसश्च प्रियाप्रिये ।
तदौषधैश्च मन्त्रैश्च प्रायश्चित्तैश्च शाम्यति ॥
M N Dutt
When an act is performed from wrath or misjudgment, then expiation should be performed by paining the body, guided by example by scriptures, and by reason. when any action, is performed for pleasing or displeasing the mind, the sin originating thereform may be cleansed by pure food and recitation of Mantras.
१२.३७.१४
जातिश्रेण्यधिवासानां कुलधर्मांश्च सर्वतः ।
वर्जयेन्न हि तं धर्मं येषां धर्मो न विद्यते ॥
वर्जयेन्न हि तं धर्मं येषां धर्मो न विद्यते ॥
M N Dutt
There is no expiation for them who do not observe duties and practices of their order and caste, country, and family, and who forsake their own creed.
१२.३७.१५
दश वा वेदशास्त्रज्ञास्त्रयो वा धर्मपाठकाः ।
यद्ब्रूयुः कार्य उत्पन्ने स धर्मो धर्मसंशये ॥
यद्ब्रूयुः कार्य उत्पन्ने स धर्मो धर्मसंशये ॥
M N Dutt
When any doubt arises regarding what should be done, it should be settled by the injunction of the scriptures which ten persons versed in Vedic scriptures or three of those who frequently recite them may declare.
१२.३७.१६
अरुणा मृत्तिका चैव तथा चैव पिपीलकाः ।
श्लेष्मातकस्तथा विप्रैरभक्ष्यं विषमेव च ॥
श्लेष्मातकस्तथा विप्रैरभक्ष्यं विषमेव च ॥
M N Dutt
The bull, earth, little ants, worms born in dirt, and poison, should not be eaten by Brahmanas.
१२.३७.१७
अभक्ष्या ब्राह्मणैर्मत्स्याः शकलैर्ये विवर्जिताः ।
चतुष्पात्कच्छपादन्यो मण्डूका जलजाश्च ये ॥
चतुष्पात्कच्छपादन्यो मण्डूका जलजाश्च ये ॥
M N Dutt
They should also abstain from eating fishes that have scales, and four-legged aquatic animals like frogs and others, except the tortoise.
१२.३७.२१
प्रेतान्नं सूतिकान्नं च यच्च किंचिदनिर्दशम् ।
अभोज्यं चाप्यपेयं च धेन्वा दुग्धमनिर्दशम् ॥
अभोज्यं चाप्यपेयं च धेन्वा दुग्धमनिर्दशम् ॥
M N Dutt
Besides this the good that has been offered to the departed manes, that which has been usurer cooked by a woman who has recently given birth to a child, and food cooked by a unknown person, should not be taken. The milk also of a cow that has recently calved should not be drunk.
१२.३७.२७
देवान्पितॄन्मनुष्यांश्च मुनीन्गृह्याश्च देवताः ।
पूजयित्वा ततः पश्चाद्गृहस्थो भोक्तुमर्हति ॥
पूजयित्वा ततः पश्चाद्गृहस्थो भोक्तुमर्हति ॥
१२.३७.३२
असम्यक्चैव यद्दत्तमसम्यक्च प्रतिग्रहः ।
उभयोः स्यादनर्थाय दातुरादातुरेव च ॥
उभयोः स्यादनर्थाय दातुरादातुरेव च ॥
M N Dutt
No gift should be made to a Brahmana who has no knowledge of the Vedas Gifts should be made to him only who is well read in the Vedas. An improper gift and an improper acceptance beget bad consequences to both the giver and the acceptor.
१२.३७.३३
यथा खदिरमालम्ब्य शिलां वाप्यर्णवं तरन् ।
मज्जते मज्जते तद्वद्दाता यश्च प्रतीच्छकः ॥
मज्जते मज्जते तद्वद्दाता यश्च प्रतीच्छकः ॥
M N Dutt
As a person who tries to cross the sea with the help of a rock or a mass of catechu sinks with the supports, so the improper giver and the acceptor both sink together.
१२.३७.३४
काष्ठैरार्द्रैर्यथा वह्निरुपस्तीर्णो न दीप्यते ।
तपःस्वाध्यायचारित्रैरेवं हीनः प्रतिग्रही ॥
तपःस्वाध्यायचारित्रैरेवं हीनः प्रतिग्रही ॥
M N Dutt
As a fire that is covered with wet fuel does not burn, so the acceptor of a gift who has not practised penances, and piety to those who studied Vedas, but cannot confer any benefit (upon the giver).
१२.३७.३५
कपाले यद्वदापः स्युः श्वदृतौ वा यथा पयः ।
आश्रयस्थानदोषेण वृत्तहीने तथा श्रुतम् ॥
आश्रयस्थानदोषेण वृत्तहीने तथा श्रुतम् ॥
M N Dutt
As water in a skull and milk in a bag made of dog-skin become impure for the uncleanness of the vessels in which they are kept, so the Vedas become fruitless in a person who is not of good conduct.
१२.३७.३६
निर्मन्त्रो निर्व्रतो यः स्यादशास्त्रज्ञोऽनसूयकः ।
अनुक्रोशात्प्रदातव्यं दीनेष्वेवं नरेष्वपि ॥
अनुक्रोशात्प्रदातव्यं दीनेष्वेवं नरेष्वपि ॥
M N Dutt
One may give from pity to a low Brahmana who is without Mantras and vows, who is innocent of the scriptures and who is envious.
१२.३७.३७
न वै देयमनुक्रोशाद्दीनायाप्यपकारिणे ।
आप्ताचरितमित्येव धर्म इत्येव वा पुनः ॥
आप्ताचरितमित्येव धर्म इत्येव वा पुनः ॥
M N Dutt
One may, from pity, give to a person who is poor or afflicted or ill. But he should not make charities to such a person with the belief that he would drive any (spiritual) benefit from it or that he would acquire any religious merit by it.
१२.३७.३८
निष्कारणं स्म तद्दत्तं ब्राह्मणे धर्मवर्जिते ।
भवेदपात्रदोषेण न मेऽत्रास्ति विचारणा ॥
भवेदपात्रदोषेण न मेऽत्रास्ति विचारणा ॥
M N Dutt
Forsooth, gift made to a Brahmana ignorant of the Vedas, becomes perfectly fruitless for the shortcomings of the recipient.
१२.३७.३९
यथा दारुमयो हस्ती यथा चर्ममयो मृगः ।
ब्राह्मणश्चानधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नामधारकाः ॥
ब्राह्मणश्चानधीयानस्त्रयस्ते नामधारकाः ॥
M N Dutt
As an elephant made of wood, or an antelope made of leather, so is a Brahmana who has not read the Vedas. All the three have nothing but names.
१२.३७.४०
यथा षण्ढोऽफलः स्त्रीषु यथा गौर्गवि चाफला ।
शकुनिर्वाप्यपक्षः स्यान्निर्मन्त्रो ब्राह्मणस्तथा ॥
शकुनिर्वाप्यपक्षः स्यान्निर्मन्त्रो ब्राह्मणस्तथा ॥
M N Dutt
As a eunuch cannot beget children on women, as a cow does not procreats on another cow, as a bird lives in vain that is featherless, even so is a Brahmana that without Mantras.
१२.३७.४१
ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः ।
यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥
यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥
M N Dutt
As grain without kernel, as a well without water, as libations poured on ashes, even so is a gift to a Brahmana who is ignorant.
१२.३७.४२
देवतानां पितॄणां च हव्यकव्यविनाशनः ।
शत्रुरर्थहरो मूर्खो न लोकान्प्राप्तुमर्हति ॥
शत्रुरर्थहरो मूर्खो न लोकान्प्राप्तुमर्हति ॥
M N Dutt
An unlearned Brahmana is an enemy (to all) and is the destroyer of the food that is offered to the gods and the departed manes. A gift made to such a person become useless. He is, therefore, like a robber. He can never attain to blissful regions hereafter.
१२.३७.४३
एतत्ते कथितं सर्वं यथा वृत्तं युधिष्ठिर ।
समासेन महद्ध्येतच्छ्रोतव्यं भरतर्षभ ॥
समासेन महद्ध्येतच्छ्रोतव्यं भरतर्षभ ॥
M N Dutt
now I have told you in brief, O Yudhishthira, all that was said by Manu on that occasion. This high discourse should be listened to by all, O foremost of Bharata's race.'
॥ इति १२.३७ ॥
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