॥ अथ १२.३७ ॥
वैशंपायन उवाच ।
१२.३७.२
किं भक्ष्यं किमभक्ष्यं च किं च देयं प्रशस्यते ।
किं च पात्रमपात्रं वा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥
M N Dutt Yudhishthira said Tell me, O grandfather, what food is clean and what, unclean, what gift is praiseworthy, and who is the deserving, and who, undeserving (recipients of gifts).
व्यास उवाच ।
१२.३७.७
अदत्तस्यानुपादानं दानमध्ययनं तपः ।
अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः क्षमेज्या धर्मलक्षणम् ॥
M N Dutt Refusal to take what is not given, gift, study of sacred books, penance, abstention from injury, truth, freedom from anger, and adoration of the gods in sacrifices,-these are the marks of virtue.
१२.३७.८
य एव धर्मः सोऽधर्मोऽदेशेऽकाले प्रतिष्ठितः ।
आदानमनृतं हिंसा धर्मो व्यावस्थिकः स्मृतः ॥
M N Dutt Virtue again, according to time and place, becomes sin. Thus misappropriation of another's property, untruth, and injury and killing, may under special circumstances, become virtue.
१२.३७.१३
क्रोधमोहकृते चैव दृष्टान्तागमहेतुभिः ।
शरीराणामुपक्लेशो मनसश्च प्रियाप्रिये ।
तदौषधैश्च मन्त्रैश्च प्रायश्चित्तैश्च शाम्यति ॥
M N Dutt When an act is performed from wrath or misjudgment, then expiation should be performed by paining the body, guided by example by scriptures, and by reason. when any action, is performed for pleasing or displeasing the mind, the sin originating thereform may be cleansed by pure food and recitation of Mantras.
१२.३७.१५
दश वा वेदशास्त्रज्ञास्त्रयो वा धर्मपाठकाः ।
यद्ब्रूयुः कार्य उत्पन्ने स धर्मो धर्मसंशये ॥
M N Dutt When any doubt arises regarding what should be done, it should be settled by the injunction of the scriptures which ten persons versed in Vedic scriptures or three of those who frequently recite them may declare.
१२.३७.२१
प्रेतान्नं सूतिकान्नं च यच्च किंचिदनिर्दशम् ।
अभोज्यं चाप्यपेयं च धेन्वा दुग्धमनिर्दशम् ॥
M N Dutt Besides this the good that has been offered to the departed manes, that which has been usurer cooked by a woman who has recently given birth to a child, and food cooked by a unknown person, should not be taken. The milk also of a cow that has recently calved should not be drunk.
१२.३७.३२
असम्यक्चैव यद्दत्तमसम्यक्च प्रतिग्रहः ।
उभयोः स्यादनर्थाय दातुरादातुरेव च ॥
M N Dutt No gift should be made to a Brahmana who has no knowledge of the Vedas Gifts should be made to him only who is well read in the Vedas. An improper gift and an improper acceptance beget bad consequences to both the giver and the acceptor.
१२.३७.३३
यथा खदिरमालम्ब्य शिलां वाप्यर्णवं तरन् ।
मज्जते मज्जते तद्वद्दाता यश्च प्रतीच्छकः ॥
M N Dutt As a person who tries to cross the sea with the help of a rock or a mass of catechu sinks with the supports, so the improper giver and the acceptor both sink together.
१२.३७.३४
काष्ठैरार्द्रैर्यथा वह्निरुपस्तीर्णो न दीप्यते ।
तपःस्वाध्यायचारित्रैरेवं हीनः प्रतिग्रही ॥
M N Dutt As a fire that is covered with wet fuel does not burn, so the acceptor of a gift who has not practised penances, and piety to those who studied Vedas, but cannot confer any benefit (upon the giver).
१२.३७.३५
कपाले यद्वदापः स्युः श्वदृतौ वा यथा पयः ।
आश्रयस्थानदोषेण वृत्तहीने तथा श्रुतम् ॥
M N Dutt As water in a skull and milk in a bag made of dog-skin become impure for the uncleanness of the vessels in which they are kept, so the Vedas become fruitless in a person who is not of good conduct.
१२.३७.३७
न वै देयमनुक्रोशाद्दीनायाप्यपकारिणे ।
आप्ताचरितमित्येव धर्म इत्येव वा पुनः ॥
M N Dutt One may, from pity, give to a person who is poor or afflicted or ill. But he should not make charities to such a person with the belief that he would drive any (spiritual) benefit from it or that he would acquire any religious merit by it.
१२.३७.४२
देवतानां पितॄणां च हव्यकव्यविनाशनः ।
शत्रुरर्थहरो मूर्खो न लोकान्प्राप्तुमर्हति ॥
M N Dutt An unlearned Brahmana is an enemy (to all) and is the destroyer of the food that is offered to the gods and the departed manes. A gift made to such a person become useless. He is, therefore, like a robber. He can never attain to blissful regions hereafter.
१२.३७.४३
एतत्ते कथितं सर्वं यथा वृत्तं युधिष्ठिर ।
समासेन महद्ध्येतच्छ्रोतव्यं भरतर्षभ ॥
M N Dutt now I have told you in brief, O Yudhishthira, all that was said by Manu on that occasion. This high discourse should be listened to by all, O foremost of Bharata's race.'
॥ इति १२.३७ ॥
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